Benefits Of Currency Trading Training

Currency trading or foreign exchange has grown to be the biggest financial market in existence today. People have seen the potential for profit in currency trading and have shown increased interest in joining the foreign exchange bandwagon.However, most experts would agree that the currency exchange market is not really the place for an inexperienced person to get experience. One could really make a killing on the foreign currency exchange market. However, a beginners financial life could also be killed on the same market.That's why many currency trading training programs are available out there: people really can't just jump into currency trading and expect to make a whole lot of money at once.The erratic nature of the market just simply does not allow people to do that. There are too many factors to consider in making decisions in the currency market.In order to make those decisions properly; one needs to be properly equipped. A good currency trading training can help you with that.But how do you tell which is a good currency trading training?Well, there are a few indications of what a good currency trading training ought to be like and you should definitely expect these things.*The basics- don't trust a currency trading training program which jumps to the complexities and the advanced problems without explaining to you the basics of the game.Remember that all of the advanced and complex decisions are based on the premises offered by the basics. Good currency training should equip you with the basics so that even if you forget the complex parts of currency trading, you'll be able to figure them out on your own.The basics of currency trading also give you the rationalization for the complex decisions. This leaves you with a protocol but without any flexibility.This kind of currency trading training will leave you with protocols, not reactions. Let's say you encounter a case which you havn't studied, how will you react? Would you just get down on your knees and pray that you don't lose all of your money?2. Complexities- a good currency trading training will not, of course, just stop with teaching you the basics of the game. Although you may be able to deal with the basic issues and, in time, figure out how to handle the complex matters of currency trading, a good currency trading training will not stop at just that.A good currency trading training will equip you to handle the complex issues. With good currency trading training you can become a master of handling all types of decisions regarding your money in the currency trading game.3. Connections and how to get them- a currency trading training program will not only equip you with the knowledge on how to make it in the world of foreign exchange. It will give you the tools with which to accomplish that gargantuan task.This means a good currency trading training program will help you make connections with people who can help you succeed in the currency trading game.Remember that, in this world, who you know often counts more than what you know.But remember that above all, a good currency trading training program should equip you with the confidence to lay your money on the line for a gut feeling. For that is what foreign exchange is all about.

Choose One Currency

Importance Of Focus In Forex Trading Many beginner forex traders start out making a common mistake. They will begin trading one currency but within a month and sometimes much less, will have traded almost all the major currencies. If you take a peek at some of the forex chat forums on the Internet, you will see enthusiastic newbie traders making the same mistake. They will ask questions, discuss and trade the yen, the pound, the euro, the Swiss franc and go back and forth between them all. Why do they do this and why is it foolish? Let s see. If you ask them why they do this, they will probably reply that either they saw an opportunity for a profitable trade on their charts that was too good to pass up or that they were just increasing their chances of success by spreading their bets. Fair enough, that seems like a perfectly fine answer. Imagine this however: You are a pretty strong guy and you think you can handle yourself in a street fight. Then you are thrown into a ring with a guy who s been training boxing for years. The outcome of this fight? Well, there really is no fight you will get slaughtered.Forex trading is the same. To be a success, you must always be looking at ways to swing the odds in your favour. The fundamentals that influence the yen are totally different to that of the Swiss franc or that of the Australian dollar. If you are trading them all, while it may appear the same, its not. Just like the fight against the boxer, you are up against highly paid institutional traders and currency analysts - experts in a particular currency. When a news announcement breaks, without thinking they know and incorporate its effect on a particular currency and its relationship to other currencies, the interest rates, bonds and gold market. The Australian dollar is a commodity price driven currency; the Swiss franc will do well when global security is a problem; the yen is a currency reflecting a nation with a huge export surplus and so on. All these currencies have different characters, moods and personas. They are influenced by different and conflicting information that you need to be aware of. To increase your chances of success in trading, it is much better to master one chosen currency. This will help you build focus and trading discipline. Sticking to trading one currency will eliminate the need to have to focus on numerous sets of information. However, the most important thing: with time, as you understand your chosen currency and its character traits inside out, you will gain conscious confidence in your trading something invaluable in this game.If you are switching back and forth from trading one currency to another, understand that no one currency is easier or better to trade than another. There are no guarantees that you will make more money trading one particular currency over another. If you were doing poorly trading one currency and decided to switch to another thinking this might improve your chances, think why should it? It is much smarter to stay focused, learn the particularities of your currency inside out and in the process develop trading discipline. Over the long run, you will have swung the odds of success in your favour.By: Jovan VuceticArticle Directory: http://www.articledashboard.comJovan Vucetic - Independent Forex Trader. Learn about automated forex

Commodity Futures Trading Using Fuzzy Logic and Market Synchronization Clues, PART 1

There's nothing better than fuzzy logic for determining when a commodity market has begun a new trend and is starting to synchronize. Read on to find out exactly what this is all about... Observation From Trading Notes: "After a big spike OUT of the 5-minute e-mini futures channel, do not expect a continuation after a correction MOST of the time. Odds favor a chop or even a correction to the bottom of major support. Look for a correction to the bottom of the 5-minute channel." For all practical purposes, the move is over when the e-mini futures breaks out of its channel. At least it is for that time frame. If you are convinced the bigger cycles have farther to go, then wait for a normal cycle of this time frame to end its correction. Sometimes it will even do a snuff down, but the correction remains shallow in price depth. That is a good buying sign. The point is, if you are looking to get on board in the same direction as the channel break, be patient and let the e-mini market show its hand first. Study the correction to be sure it's not turning into the beginning of a new bear swing down. If it is, then a short position may be warranted if the next larger cycle agrees. But always sell on rallies. Observation: "A system that works is to sell the 1-minute blue inner channel puncture with ticks flash. Cover on touch of bottom channel, big blue dot and tick flash. Repeat on rally." This is a simple e-mini futures system I use for entry and exit when I know the main trend. Works like a charm. This is one of the few automated techniques I use. I may later publish the particulars of this method. Observation: "Watch and wait for the beginning of the e-mini market to get into a new sync. Volume, momentum, contract numbers and A-D (advance-decline line) all improving. Then buy the RARE contracts flash with ticks flash and sell the big blue dot into the upper channel. In other words, look for the sync, then play the trending game in that direction until it ends to reverse the other way with a new sync. You want to wait for a particular trending market to trade. The rest is noise and losses. Faster and safer profits this way. Most commodity traders chew up their money and patience with difficult markets." This may sound cryptic. To explain it fully would require many pages and software code. But the idea is to be patient and wait for the e-mini futures market to start making clean, synchronized swings in a new direction. This is when most indicators, price and volatility move together. Look for more on this in my other articles. Once this synchronization starts, play the in and out trading game with the trend only. You should refuse to play when the indications are foggy. This is what separates the good traders from the poor. You don't have to be a perfect trader - just be better than most! Part Two of Two Parts - Next! There is substantial risk of loss trading futures and options and may not be suitable for all types of investors. Only risk capital should be used.

Stock Trading Software

Sometimes, unbiased information provided by good stock trading software can prove to be very unhelpful in making an intelligent stock related decision. Stock trading software offers a reliable comparison of stocks and suggests the stocks to be bought or sold. Stock trading software is an indispensable requirement for short-term investors.A variety of stocks trading software are available, leaving the choice open to the trader. It depends on the investment needs of stock traders, for instance, whether traders want to track their portfolio or research for new stock opportunities. Stock trading software provides traders with a range of fundamental functions like real-time stock quotes, as a result forming a stock-trading software package.Various basic features provided by a stock trading software consists of settling on the price direction by offering the opening price in market, and helping stock traders earn profits by providing signs that indicate a breakout. Additionally, stock trading software assists in finding out the average price of securities with the help of moving average monitoring and alerts such as trigger motion that helps traders to reach specific price targets. Besides the above features, stock-trading software also provides stock traders with pattern identification.When stock traders choose stock trading software, it is advisable that they take advantage of any free-trial options offered by providers. This will help traders in opting for the right stock trading software.The services provided by stock trading software are commendable, though at the end of the day, consciousness, rather than emotions, are supposed to guide one's stock-buying choices. It is important for stock traders to bear in mind that irrespective of the stock trading software they make use of, stock trading is all about purchasing and selling according to their trading set ups. The clearer their set ups are, the faster they can make a favorable decision.Stock trading requires traders to follow a closely controlled set of rules and tactics. Once these are mastered, stock traders can hope to replicate beneficial trades with uniformity.

What Is Futures Day Trading?

A quick definition futures day trading is actually pretty simple. Futures day trading is the type of futures trading which opens and closes a futures transaction within a single trading day.Traders have become attracted to futures day trading for a variety of reasons. Some like the action level of an increased frequency of trades while others like the fact that futures day trading carries with it no overnight risk. In this way, no particular catastrophic political or business event, which may happen after the close of the futures contract will affect those who have already closed their contracts out during the day. The objective for traders here is to not allow any potentially adverse market movements to affect their equity.Futures day trading falls into the category of short-term trading. As a general rule of thumb in trading, the shorter the period of the trading timeframe for smaller. The amount of profit per trade. Please keep in mind of course that this is a general rule of thumb, and does not apply to each and every case.The frequency of futures day trading can go from relatively infrequently such as one trade per month or per every couple of months to many, many trades per day. It is the typical increased frequency of futures day trading, which daytraders must remain mindful of. The greater the frequency of trades, the greater the transaction costs become as well. The objective of course, of any futures daytrader is to turn a profit after all transaction costs have been factored in. I can't even begin to tell you how many futures day trading results I've looked at that looked absolutely fabulous at the outset. Unfortunately many failed miserably and lost money consistently once the transaction costs were figured in.Futures day trading can be both rewarding and profitable. The key here is to have both a good futures day trading system and an excellent level of discipline to take action as needed.

Getting Into The Lucrative World Of Forex Trading

For many years the foreign exchange market was the preserve of major players such as national banks and multi-national corporations. In the 1980s however new rules were introduced which permitted smaller investors to enter the market through a margin account. In simple terms, a margin account allows you to trade with more money than you actually have in your trading account. For example, a 100:1 margin account allows you to participate in trading up to $100,000 with an investment of only $1,000. Now, although this entry level has opened up the market to the smaller investor, care needs to be taken as Forex trading is not easy and is certainly not without its risks. For this reason the very first thing that any novice trader needs to do is to sit down, study the foreign exchange markets carefully and learn the ins and outs of trading before putting any money at risk. In addition to some basic training, the newcomer will also need to find a good broker as all trading must be conducted through a broker. Here a personal recommendation is often the best place to start but, in the absence of this, you should choose a broker who is registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) as a Futures Commission Merchant (FCM). This will provide you with protection against both abusive trade practices and fraud. It is normally a simple process to open an account with a broker and once this is done and funds are added to your account you can start trading. Brokers will normally offer a number of accounts to suit individual clients and most will have "mini" accounts which will allow you to begin trading with as little as $250. The margin on which you are permitted to trade will vary from one account to the next. One thing that you should always look for when selecting a broker is the ability to cut your teeth by carrying out simulated, or paper, trades for a period of time. This is a facility which many good brokers will provide and which simply allows you to trade in the normal manner but to do so simply on paper and without any money changing hands until you have found your feet. Many online brokers provide simulated accounts allowing you to make free paper trades for up to 30 days. One thing that worries newcomers is the subject of trading charges and brokerage fees. Unlike many other markets, the Forex market is free of commission and so you can make as many trades as you like without worrying about running up huge brokerage fees. Your broker will make his profit from the 'spread' on each trade, which is the difference between the buying and selling price of a currency pair and is a subject all of its own.

Futures Commodity Trading Ticket Types

One of the interesting features of futures options trading is the versatility. With futures commodity trading, you are not just buying or selling; every decision brings other possibilities and more interesting variables. Below are some of the typical ticket types in futures commodity trading. The Market Order The market order is the most common order for the beginner investing in futures commodity trading. Once you have decided to open or close a position, you can use a market order. This futures commodity trading order is executed at the best possible price obtainable at the time the order reaches the trading pit. The Limit Order A limit order is a directive to buy or sell at a specific price. In commodity trading, limit orders to buy are placed below the market while limit orders to sell are placed above the market. Since it is possible that the market may never reach a limit order, an investor could miss out on the position if he or she uses a limit order. In most instances with this futures commodity trading order, the market must trade through the limit price for the customer to get a fill. Market If Touched (MIT) MIT orders serve the opposite purpose of stop orders. Buy MIT orders are placed below the market and Sell MIT orders are placed above the market. An MIT order is usually used to enter the market or initiate a trade. An MIT order is similar to a limit order in that a specific price is placed on the order; an MIT order becomes a market order once the limit price is touched or passed through. In futures commodity trading, a MIT order would be considered on of the basic commodities trading orders. Stop Orders Stop orders can be used for three different strategies. * To protect against big losses on long or short positions (as stop loss orders) * To protect a profit on an existing position * To start a new long or short position Fill or Kill The fill or kill order is used by successful traders wanting an immediate fill, but at a specific price. The broker on the floor will bid the order three times and if it is not filled, it is killed, or cancelled. Spread A spread is used when trading commodities by an investor who wishes to take long and short positions at the same time in an attempt to profit via the price difference, or "spread" between two prices. A spread can be established between different months of the same commodity, between related commodities or between the same or related commodities traded on two different exchanges. For example: Buy 1 June Corn, Sell 1 September Corn plus 5 to the September sell side. This means that the customer wants to initiate or liquidate the spread when September corn prices are 5 points higher than June corn prices. Bull Call Spread A bull call spread is an advanced commodity option trading strategy that can be used in times of high volatility. The spread is the purchase of at or near the money call and the sale of an out of the money call. The maximum profit potential is the difference between the strike prices minus trading costs. The maximum loss potential is the total cost of the spread. Bear Put Spread A bear put spread is a futures commodity trading technique that is used just like a bull call spread but is used in anticipation of lower prices and therefore uses puts instead of calls. This type of futures commodity trading can be considered as defensive investing since it is done during high volatility periods. Straddle A straddle is a futures commodity trading strategy that is used to take advantage of a large price move up or down. This strategy, a buy straddle, involves buying a put and a call at the same strike price and preferably at the money. The investor is hoping for either the call's or the put's premium to increase enough to offset the costs and make a profit. Strangle A strangle is a futures commodity trading strategy that is used to take advantage of a large price move up or down just like the straddle but it uses out of the money strike prices. An example of a buy strangle would be buying a $3.10 December corn call and buying a $2.90 December corn put when the December corn futures price is $3. This futures commodity trading strategy seeks to profit from the different strike prices. Conclusion Futures commodity trading is very interesting because there are so many possible positions to take. By learning these positions, an investor can make money futures commodity trading whether implementing a calendar spread or buying puts.

The Role Of Commodity Brokers And Futures Exchanges In Commodity Risk Management

The broker is an intermediary who talks to lots of different principals (traders, producers, consumers of commodities) in the hope he will get an order to buy or sell goods. He takes a commission from the transaction which is deducted from the seller s account. Part of the value of a good broker is that he will provide not only information about prices and deals, but snippets of gossip about who is doing what and why. Traders are always focused on supply and demand aspects of physical commodities in which they trade and as well as the larger macro-economic picture, so it is important to assess what other competitors, are doing in the market. Some brokers are providing a lot of value-added service in providing not just price information but offering lots of ideas on the economic backdrop, current and future price trends, etc. Whether brokers are futures brokers or deal in physical transactions, the tendency has been for many of them to become principals. Traders can be skeptical about the information given by brokers, particularly if they feel it has been influenced by the broker s own relationship with another position taker either inside his own group, or elsewhere. However, since brokers are largely looking to commission as a way of earning money for the company and their own commissions, this may be a somewhat churlish position to take. Nonetheless, brokers play a key role in augmenting price transparency alongside the international and domestic commodity exchanges. The principle role of exchanges is to regulate and control futures and derivatives trading through a membership system. Commodity futures date back to the trading of rice futures in Japan in the 1600 s but the underlying principles of commodity futures go back a long way further. Commodity markets have been around for some thousands of years and the degree of their formality has been dependent on the political, social and economic environment prevailing at the time. The trading of futures is relied upon these days by producers, traders and speculators, and high volumes of transactions on the major exchanges illustrate both the size of their role and the level of influence they have on the market in general. Futures markets help overcome difficult challenges faced in balancing supply and demand and exchange products. Derivatives, futures and options provide several economic benefits, including primarily the provision to mitigate the inevitable risk of price volatility. Since the 1990 s, in an environment of liberalization and following the collapse of many commodity boards in Africa, the role of exchanges has been enhanced. The presence of exchanges and the development of futures and options markets have influenced the development of the commodity swap market. At present, although the commodity swap market is very small in comparison with the currency swap market, it is growing. For comparison, there was an amount outstanding of 598 billion US$ for commodity derivates in December 2001 by comparison with 69 trillion US$ in the interest-rate and currency swap market at the end of the same period. Most of the commodity swap transactions were for OTC contracts about 40% according to the Bank of International Settlements. In recent years, we have seen the growth of existing exchanges and the emergence of new ones. There are major commodity futures exchanges in over 20 countries, including Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Singapore, US and UK. A large number of new exchanges were created during the past decade in developing countries; not all of them have progressed to the level of futures trading, and many have rapidly disappeared again.

Selecting a Commodity Broker

One of the most important decisions that an investor will make does not include purchasing an option or future; this decision is choosing a commodity broker. Understanding the dynamics involved in choosing a commodity broker is as much about understanding yourself as it is getting to know the commodity broker. Since commodity trading can be more involved than trading stocks, it is more important to select the right commodity broker than it is to select the right stock broker. About Commodity Futures and Commodity Brokers By definition, a commodity market is the location where sellers and buyers are about to conduct business in futures trading. A commodities trading contract is a legally binding agreement that defines an asset, the quantity of that asset to be delivered and the month when it will be delivered. A margin is invested to purchase the contract and the full balance of the contract is only required if the buyer takes delivery. If a commodity contract is purchased, the correct term is to "take delivery" and if a futures contract is sold, it is referred to as "making delivery." Commodity future contracts can be written for any type of commodity such as gold, lumber, livestock, currency, and many others. There are several different futures markets that handle specific types of commodities, such as the CME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange), NYBOT (New York Board of Trade), CBOT (Chicago Board of Trade) and others. Futures exchanges are regulated by strict guidelines, both imposed by the government and internally, and they are require that trading is done "in the pit", which means that transactions are handled by commodity brokers that are licensed and have paid to be in that position. These commodity brokers serve as the connection between buyers and sellers. Such an important link requires that you select someone that is not only an excellent commodity broker but someone that can identify your investment shortcomings and help to overcome those flaws. Two Types of Commodity Brokers There are two types, or levels, of commodity brokers and the level of service they provide is based on the needs of the investor: full service and discount. Each type of commodity broker has advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when making a decision. Full Service Brokers This type of commodity broker is usually recommended for new or inexperienced investors, or for those investors who invest in numerous markets. Full service commodity brokers usually provide more information, advice and help to their clients; they often work with investors to create personalized investment strategies. The fees charged by these commodity brokers are generally higher because of the extra level of service they provide. Full service brokers that specialize in trading commodities are also known as Introducing Brokers. Discount Brokers This type of commodity broker typically works better for more successful traders. Discount brokers can charge less for the services that they provide since they provide a smaller range of services. How Do You Find the Right Commodity Broker? Finding the best commodity broker for you is more a product of knowing your tendencies than anything else. Remember that your ultimate investment philosophy is to make money and your commodity broker's job is to help you do that. Some of the traits that you should seek in your commodity broker are: Experience Chances are if your commodity broker doesn't have much experience, the results you receive will be spotty at best. You don't want your commodity broker to learn how to invest at your expense. Not only is experience in general important, but experience in the commodities where you want to trade. Support While a commodity broker may tell you about world-class support, what you get after you sign on is what's important. If you are considering a particular commodity broker, call and ask for an explanation of the difference between bull call spread and a bear put spread; the level of response you get may be a good indication of the support you will receive after you open your commodity account. Trial Period Many commodity brokers will give you a free trial to "test drive" their service. Take advantage of this offer and see what happens. Remember that part of sampling something is trying to find out if it is good, no just trying to find out if it's bad. Conclusion Choosing your commodity broker is one of the most important decisions you will make during your investing career. Successful trading can be the result or the victim of a commodity broker decision. Find a reputable broker that meets your needs and compensates for your shortcomings and you are on the road to investment success.

Why you need to develop your own forex trading system

There are many forex trading systems and trading strategies out there. There are many free ones printed in forex trading articles, journals, books and on trading-related websites. You can buy them as software or you can subscribe to them periodically. Novice traders say they do not have the time, the aptitude, the talent nor the brains to work out how to trade properly. They would rather purchase a program or subscribe to a forex trading system for hundreds - or in some cases - thousands of dollars. They say they do not have to do anything except be told what to buy, when to buy and how much of it you need to buy. Some ask me if this strategy or approach is advisable for trading the forex markets. To answer this question, I am then forced to consider the advantages and disadvantages of using such an approach to trading. There are reasons why a trader would use a forex trading system or forex trading strategy that someone else developed and tested: It is easy. A novice trader does not need to study how the forex market works and how he interacts with that market. He does not need to educate himself: he does not need to bother with books and seminars. He does not need to test the trading system, since the seller has already done that for him and reported promising hypothetical or actual results. A novice trader hopes to get a forex trading system at a ’bargain’ price... sometimes even for free. Hazards of trading a forex system or strategy developed and tested by someone else are the following: Faulty Trading SystemsThere are many faulty forex systems out there. They may be faulty because their assumptions and their mechanisms may no longer be true, accurate or valid. As a novice trader, how can you distinguish between the good systems and the bad systems if you don’t know how trading systems are built?Discipline and confidenceAll systems have drawdown periods. Some good forex trading systems may not make money for six months or an entire year. Even if it was a good system, can you continue to follow it even if it gives you a loss after a loss after a loss? How can you follow it if you do not have confidence in it? How can you be confident if you do not know the ins and outs of the system and if you have not tested it yourself? I do not believe that people would blindly follow a system even if they were told that it would bring them riches. I can give someone a forex trading system, I can supply him with exceptional hypothetical or actual results and still, he would not be able to follow it. I remember giving my dad a fully-mechanical forex trading system I developed. I told him a few simple rules and I told him not to question them. All he had to do was to follow them. We both traded it for two months, I grew my small account by roughly 50% (it happened to be a good two months), but he was losing. He wondered why. I asked to see his trading records. When I looked at his trading records, I found that he kept disobeying the rules. When I asked him why he disobeyed them, he wanted to improve the results after it had a couple of losing trades. He was trying to improve the results. According to him, the system asked him to do what he thought was not right during certain market conditions, so he did not follow it. To overcome the hazards above, I see no way except for a trader to learn how to develop his own trading system. This is the only way a trader can know if a particular trading system or strategy is good or not. Once a trader learns how to develop forex trading systems and strategies, he can then be better equipped to test them as well. By this point he might even find that he is better off using the system he created, because it becomes increasingly difficult to find another system more suited to his profit objectives while operating within his risk tolerance levels. It is likely that once he develops this level of competence, he will simply acquire other systems only to dissect them, grab the parts he likes and add them to his own system. To me, the irony is that for a trader to know which system to purchase, he must first learn how to create a system. And after knowing how to create a trading system, he will no longer have the need to buy one. In conclusion then, I would have to say that if you are not inclined to learn how to develop your own trading methodology, then perhaps you should consider giving your money for someone else to invest. Give it to someone who is trading a system that he developed and tested himself because he is more likely to have the confidence and courage to follow his own set of rules.

Why do Forex Trading?

So.. you want to make lots of money in forex trading? Well, before you get your feet wet....let me refresh your mind why forex trading is such a hot money maker... The cash/spot FOREX markets have certain unique attributes that offer an unmatched potential for profitable trading in any market condition or any stage of the business cycle. It leaves one to wonder why bother in the first place? Forex trading offers people who trade: A 24-hour market: A forex trader has the chance to take advantage of all of the profitable market conditions at any time; which means that there is no waiting for the start like the New York Stock exchange. Highest liquidity Possible: The FOREX market is the most liquid market in the world. That means that a trader can enter or exit the market whenever they want during almost any market condition minimal execution barriers or risk and no daily trading limit. High leverage ratio: It has a leverage ratio of up to 400 is normal when compared to a leverage ratio of 2 in the equity markets. Of course, this makes trading in the cash/spot forex market awkward a swell because it makes the risk of the down side loss much higher in the same way that it makes the profit potential on the upside much prettier. Low cost per transaction: The retail transaction cost is actually less than 0.1% under the normal market conditions. At larger dealers, the spread could be less than 5 pips, and may expand a great deal in fast moving markets. Always a good market: A trade in the FOREX market means selling or buying one currency against another. In essence, a bull market or a bear market for a currency is defined in terms of the outlook for value against other currencies. If the outlook is positive, you get a bull market where a trader profits by buying the currency against other currencies. Inter-bank market: The foundation of the FOREX market consists of a global network of dealers that communicate and trade with their clients through electronic networks and telephones. There are no organized exchanges like in futures that are there to serve as a central location to facilitate transactions the way the New York Stock Exchange serves the equity markets. No one can corner the market: The FOREX market is so large and has so many participants that no single trader, even a central bank, can control the market price for an extended period of time. It is not completely Unregulated: The FOREX market is seen as an unregulated market although the operations of major dealers like commercial banks in money centers are regulated under the banking laws. For the average person who is willing to get into forex trading, this market is just a better bet. With it being so wide open like it is, you have a higher gross potential than with any other trade type.

What is forex Trading

Foreign Exchange Market, or Forex as it is commonly called, is an international exchange market to buy and sell different currencies from around the world. An investor has the ability to buy and sell these currencies in order to create gains from small movements in the value of one currency over another. The forex market is open from Monday at 0:00 GMT until Friday at 10:00 GMT. For this reason Forex traders are not limited to the general time constraints of the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ. This versatility attracts many investors to become Forex traders. The liquidity of the Foreign Exchange Market is also very attractive for the Forex investor as trades range from 1 to 1.5 trillion dollars on a daily basis. These massive amounts of trades make it extremely difficult for any one trader to affect the market. Foreign Exchange Trading is simply the purchase and sales of currency based on the strength of the currency and the fluctuation in the value of that currency. For example, if one were to invest $1,000 against the British pound at 1.7999 with a 1% margin and anticipate the exchange rate to climb. If that occurs and you close the exchange rate at 1.8050 you would earn roughly $400. Forex is giving you a 40% return on your investment. Forex offers the possibility of huge profits in relatively short periods of time. The stock exchange is very different in that positions are generally maintained over a longer period of time. Although there are day traders, Forex traders have much shorter hold times on positions. Similar to the stock market marginal accounts can be obtained in the Foreign Exchange Market as well. Forex marginal accounts are very engaging as they allow Forex traders to take large positions without having to make a large deposit. In many circumstances one can fund a marginal account with .05% the necessary funds. In other words, $500 would allow a $100,000 position. In order to trade Forex effectively and profitably, one must have some type of method to follow. There are two methods used in determining what Foreign Exchange trades one should make. There are two methods, fundamental Forex analysis, and technical Forex analysis. Technical analysis is the most commonly used practice and uses the assumption that the changes that occur in the Foreign Exchange Market happened for a reason and are accurate. The belief is that if a currency has been trading towards a high then that currency will mostly continue towards that high with the adverse being true as well. The technical Forex view does not try to make long term predictions about the market but instead simply tries to take advantage of what has already been seen in the past. The fundamental Forex method takes into account all aspects of the country in which the currency is traded. Things such as the economy, the countries prime interest rates, war, poverty level, and other factors are taken into account. If there is a sharp rise in the prime interest rate a Forex trader may take a position based on that information. Online Forex trading has the potential of being extremely lucrative. One can learn to trade by creating an online Forex Account and begin by using a learning account without real funds. This will help you to understand the Forex trading process and how currencies are affected by different things that are happening on a global scale.

What are Your Options Regarding Forex Options Brokers

Forex option brokers can generally be divided into two separate categories: forex brokers who offer online forex option trading platforms and forex brokers who only broker forex option trading via telephone trades placed through a dealing/brokerage desk. A few forex option brokers offer both online forex option trading as well a dealing/brokerage desk for investors who prefer to place orders through a live forex option broker.The trading account minimums required by different forex option brokers vary from a few thousand dollars to over fifty thousand dollars. Also, forex option brokers may require investors to trade forex options contracts having minimum notional values (contract sizes) up to $500,000. Last, but not least, certain types of forex option contracts can be entered into and exited at any time while other types of forex option contracts lock you in until expiration or settlement. Depending on the type of forex option contract you enter into, you might get stuck the wrong way with an option contract that you can not trade out of. Before trading, investors should inquire with their forex option brokers about initial trading account minimums, required contract size minimums and contract liquidity.There are a number of different forex option trading products offered to investors by forex option brokers. We believe it is extremely important for investors to understand the distinctly different risk characteristics of each of the forex option trading products mentioned below that are offered by firms that broker forex options.Plain Vanilla Forex Options Broker - Plain vanilla options generally refer to standard put and call option contracts traded through an exchange (however, in the case of forex option trading, plain vanilla options would refer to the standard, generic option contracts that are traded through an over-the-counter (OTC) forex dealer or clearinghouse). In simplest terms, vanilla forex options would be defined as the buying or selling of a standard forex call option contract or forex put option contract.There are only a few forex option broker/dealers who offer plain vanilla forex options online with real-time streaming quotes 24 hours a day. Most forex option brokers and banks only broker forex options via telephone. Vanilla forex options for major currencies have good liquidity and you can easily enter the market long or short, or exit the market any time day or night.Vanilla forex option contracts can be used in combination with each other and/or with spot forex contracts to form a basic strategy such as writing a covered call, or much more complex forex trading strategies such as butterflies, strangles, ratio spreads, synthetics, etc. Also, plain vanilla options are often the basis of forex option trading strategies known as exotic options.Exotic Forex Options Broker - First, it is important to note that there a couple of different forex definitions for "exotic" and we don’t want anyone getting confused. The first definition of a forex "exotic" refers to any individual currency that is less broadly traded than the major currencies. The second forex definition for "exotic" is the one we refer to on this website - a forex option contract (trading strategy) that is a derivative of a standard vanilla forex option contract.To understand what makes an exotic forex option "exotic," you must first understand what makes a forex option "non-vanilla." Plain vanilla forex options have a definitive expiration structure, payout structure and payout amount. Exotic forex option contracts may have a change in one or all of the above features of a vanilla forex option. It is important to note that exotic options, since they are often tailored to a specific’s investor’s needs by an exotic forex options broker, are generally not very liquid, if at all.Exotic forex options are generally traded by commercial and institutional investors rather than retail forex traders, so we won’t spend too much time covering exotic forex options brokers. Examples of exotic forex options would include Asian options (average price options or "APO’s"), barrier options (payout depends on whether or not the underlying reaches a certain price level or not), baskets (payout depends on more than one currency or a "basket" of currencies), binary options (the payout is cash-or-nothing if underlying does not reach strike price), lookback options (payout is based on maximum or minimum price reached during life of the contract), compound options (options on options with multiple strikes and exercise dates), spread options, chooser options, packages and so on. Exotic options can be tailored to a specific trader’s needs, therefore, exotic options contract types change and evolve over time to suit those ever-changing needs.Since exotic forex options contracts are usually specifically tailored to an individual investor, most of the exotic options business in transacted over the telephone through forex option brokers. There are, however, a handful of forex option brokers who offer "if touched" forex options or "single payment" forex options contracts online whereby an investor can specify an amount he or she is willing to risk in exchange for a specified payout amount if the underlying price reaches a certain strike price (price level). These transactions offered by legitimate online forex brokers can be considered a type of "exotic" option. However, we have noticed that the premiums charged for these types of contracts can be higher than plain vanilla option contracts with similar strike prices and you can not sell out of the option position once you have purchased this type of option - you can only attempt to offset the position with a separate risk management strategy. As a trade-off for getting to choose the dollar amount you want to risk and the payout you wish to receive, you pay a premium and sacrifice liquidity. We would encourage investors to compare premiums before investing in these kinds of options and also make sure the brokerage firm is reputable.Again, it is fairly easy and liquid to enter into an exotic forex option contract but it is important to note that depending on the type of exotic option contract, there may be little to no liquidity at all if you wanted to exit the position.Firms Offering Forex Option "Betting" - A number of new firms have popped up over the last year offering forex "betting." Though some may be legitimate, a number of these firms are either off-shore entities or located in some other remote location. We generally do not consider these to be forex brokerage firms. Many do not appear to be regulated by any government agency and we strongly suggest investors perform due diligence before investing with any forex betting firms. Invest at your own risk with these firms.

W.D. Gann Trading Methods - Genius Trader or Overrated Guru

W.D. Gann is one of the most famous traders of all time, and has a huge devoted following - however the fact is, Gann never made the huge profits many of his disciples claim.He did not have a success rate of 90%, as is often claimed - the logic his methods are based upon are unsound, and his predictive methods don’t predict - they leave everything to subjective opinion!Let’s examine his theories of investment in more detail and see.Let’s look at some common myths about how great a trader Gann actually was:Many sources quote Gann’s trading profits at $50 million dollars, however this is not true.An interview that Alexander Elder had with his son tells the truth.Firstly, his son confirmed that when his father died in the 1950s his estate was valued at just $100,000 - and that included his house.Secondly, his son confirmed that Gann was unable to make enough money from trading, and therefore supplemented his income by writing and selling courses.W.D. Gann’s PredictionsMany sources quote he had a success rate in all his trades of over 90% - again not true. We can easily deduce this from the value of his estate.If he could make money trading and had a 90% success rate, he would have made hundreds of millions in his trading career - and he clearly did not - that’s why he had to sell books and courses.The only evidence of a 90% success rate came from a small number of trades - and was not representative of them all.Gann’s Methods are PredictiveGann came to the conclusion that all natural phenomena are cyclical - including financial markets. This is true, but this is an obvious statement - we all know we’re going to die but when exactly?A predictive theory is not a predictive theory if it can’t predict.If Gann’s theory really is predictive, then there would be no market - as we would all know the price in advance!Gann’s theory is subjective - and he really had no way of predicting the future with accuracy. It’s all subjective analysis and this is NOT a predictive theory.Gann’s LogicThe basis of Gann’s theory is the principle that price and time must balance.His methods are based on the squaring of price with time - this occurs when a unit of price equals a unit of time.Gann for example would take a prominent high in the market, convert that dollar unit into a specified period of time and project it forward. When that time is reached, price and time are squared - and a market turn is due.What? - How can one unit of price equal one unit of time? If you think about and answer this question for yourself, you will see how absurd the connection is.This isn’t the only inconsistency used in his analysis - we also have the legendary Fibonacci numbers which are supposed to work with stunning accuracy - but they don’t, and neither do all sorts of astrology and geometry, that appeals to the far out investment crowd.As we have seen, Gann was a trader who had modest success, and claimed to have discovered a predictive theory - which predicts nothing with accuracy.Finally, we have so many subjective indicators cobbled together, that the theory can prove anything in hindsight, but if you want a tool to trade the markets look elsewhere.For those of you still not convinced - I recently saw on the Internet, Gann’s trading methods selling for under $1,000!Sounds like a bargain to get trades with 90% accuracy - I wonder how many serious money managers have it on their bookshelf.Enough said.New! A valuable FREE Currency Trader CD containing 9 critical trading reports, tips, strategies and trading systems info. Visit our web site now and grab your CD http://www.tradercurrencies.com.

Using Elliot Wave Theory to Analyze the Stock Market

Some market technicians that use technical analysis to look for a nearing market bottom or market top have noticed over the past several years that the stock market will consistently move in a 5 wave pattern which is based on concepts from Elliott Wave Theory. When the stock market is trending upward a 5 wave pattern consists of 3 separate moves upward and 2 separate moves downward before a top occurs. Meanwhile when the stock market is trending downward a 5 wave pattern consists of 3 separate moves downward and 2 separate moves upward before a bottom occurs.Let’s take a look at the Nasdaq and S&P 500 and analyze their one year charts using concepts from Elliot Wave Theory. Notice how both the Nasdaq and S&P 500 made a bottom in late July of 2002 (points A) and then made 3 separate moves upward (A to 1, 2 to 3 and 4 to 5) followed by 2 separate moves downward (1 to 2 and 3 to 4) before topping out in late August after completing a 5 wave pattern.Now notice what happened from late August until early October of 2002 as the Nasdaq and S&P 500 made 3 separate moves to the downside (5 to 1, 2 to 3 and 4 to 5) and 2 separate moves to the upside (1 to 2 and 3 to 4) before making a bottom in early October after completing a 5 wave pattern.Meanwhile lets continue using Elliot Wave Theory an trace out the 5 wave pattern from early October of 2002 until early December of 2002 when the stock market made a top. Notice there were 3 separate moves to the upside (5 to 1, 2 to 3 and 4 to 5) and 2 separate moves to the downside (1 to 2 and 3 to 4) as well.After the Nasdaq and S&P 500 topped out in early December they formed another 5 wave pattern as they made a bottom in mid March of 2003. Once again there were 3 downside moves (5 to 1, 2 to 3 and 4 to 5) and 2 upside moves (1 to 2 and 3 to 4) before the 5 wave pattern was completed in mid March.Now I’m not an expert in Elliot Wave Theory but it looks to me that the Nasdaq and S&P 500 may be nearing the completion of another 5 wave pattern with a potential stock market top coming into play. Notice there have been 3 upside moves (5 to 1, 2 to 3 and 4 to 5) and 2 downside moves (1 to 2 and 3 to 4) since mid March through late May of 2003.

Understanding the Basics of Currency Trading

Investors and traders around the world are looking to the Forex market as a new speculation opportunity. But, how are transactions conducted in the Forex market? Or, what are the basics of Forex Trading? Before adventuring in the Forex market we need to make sure we understand the it, otherwise we will find ourselves lost where we less expected. This is what this article is aimed to, to understand the basics of currency trading. What is traded in the Forex market? The instrument traded by Forex traders and investors are currency pairs. A currency pair is the exchange rate of one currency over another. The most traded currency pairs are: USD/CHF: Swiss franc GBP/USD: Pound USD/CAD: Canadian dollar USD/JPY: Yen EUR/USD: Euro AUD/USD: Aussie These six currency pairs generate up to 85% of the overall volume in the Forex market. So, for instance, if a trader goes long on the Euro, she or he is simultaneously buying the EUR and selling the USD. If the same trader goes short or sells the Aussie, she or he is simultaneously selling the AUD and buying the USD. The first currency of each currency pair is referred as the base currency, while second currency is referred as the counter or quote currency. Each currency pair is expressed in units of the counter currency needed to get one unit of the base currency. If the price or quote of the EUR/USD is 1.2545, it means that 1.2545 US dollars are needed to get one EUR. Bid/Ask Spread All currency pairs are commonly quoted with a bid and ask price. The bid (always lower than the ask) is the price your broker is willing to buy at, thus the trader should sell at this price. The ask is the price your broker is willing to sell at, thus the trader should buy at this price. EUR/USD 1.2645/48 or 1.2645/8 The bid price is 1.2645 The ask price is 1.2648 A Pip A pip is the minimum incremental move a currency pair can make. A pip stands for price interest point. A move in the EUR/USD from 1.2545 to 1.2560 equals 15 pips. And a move in the USD/JPY from 112.35 to 113.40 equals 105 pips. Margin Trading (leverage) In contrast with other financial markets where you require the full deposit of the amount traded, in the Forex market you require only a margin deposit. The rest will be granted by your broker. The leverage provided by some brokers goes up to 400:1. This means that you require only 1/400 or .25% in balance to open a position (plus the floating gains/losses.) Most brokers offer 100:1, where every trader requires 1% in balance to open a position. The standard lot size in the Forex market is $100,000 USD. For instance, a trader wants to get long one lot in EUR/USD and he or she is using 100:1 leverage. To open such position, he or she requires 1% in balance or $1,000 USD. Of course it is not advisable to open a position with such limited funds in our trading balance. If the trade goes against our trader, the position is to be closed by the broker. This takes us to our next important term. Margin Call A margin call occurs when the balance of the trading account falls below the maintenance margin (capital required to open one position, 1% when the leverage used is 100:1, 2% when leverage used is 50:1, and so on.) At this moment, the broker sells off (or buys back in the case of short positions) all your trades, leaving the trader "theoretically" with the maintenance margin. Most of the time margin calls occur when money management is not properly applied. How are the mechanics of a Forex trade? The trader, after an extensive analysis, decides there is a higher probability of the British pound to go up. He or she decides to go long risking 30 pips and having a target (reward) of 60 pips. If the market goes against our trader he/she will lose 30 pips, on the other hand, if the market goes in the intended way, he or she will gain 60 pips. The actual quote for the pound is 1.8524/27, 4 pips spread. Our trader gets long at 1.8530 (ask). By the time the market gets to either our target (called take profit order) or our risk point (called stop loss level) we will have to sell it at the bid price (the price our broker is willing to buy our position back.) In order to make 40 pips, our take profit level should be placed at 1.8590 (bid price.) If our target gets hit, the market ran 64 pips (60 pips plus the 4 pip spread.) If our stop loss level is hit, the market ran 30 pips against us. It’s very important to understand every aspect of forex trading. Start first from the very basic concepts, then move on to more complex issues such as Forex trading systems, trading psychology, trade and risk management, and so on. And make sure you master every single aspect before adventuring in a live trading account.

Trading with Strategy

Trading successfully is by no means a simple matter. It requires time, market knowledge and market understanding and a large amount of self restraint. ACM does not manage accounts, nor does it give market advice, that is the job of money managers and introducing brokers. As market professionals, we can however point the novice in the right direction and indicate what are correct trading tactics and considerations and what is total nonsense. Anyone who says you can consistently make money in foreign exchange markets is being untruthful. Foreign exchange by nature, is a volatile market. The practice of trading it by way of margin increases that volatility exponentially. We are therefore talking about a very ’fast market’ which is naturally inconsistent. Following that precept, it is logical to say that in order to make a successful trade, a trader has to take into account technical and fundamental data and make an informed decision based on his perception of market sentiment and market expectation. Timing a trade correctly is probably the most important variable in trading successfully but invariably there will be times where a traders’ timing will be off. Don’t expect to generate returns on every trade. Let’s enumerate what a trader needs to do in order to put the best chances for profitable trades on his side: Trade with money you can afford to lose: Trading fx markets is speculative and can result in loss, it is also exciting, exhilarating and can be addictive. The more you are ’involved with your money’ the harder it is to make a clear-headed decision. Money you have earned is precious, but money you need to survive should never be traded. Identify the state of the market: What is the market doing? Is it trending upwards, downwards, is it in a trading range. Is the trend strong or weak, did it begin long ago or does it look like a new trend that’s forming. Getting a clear picture of the market situation is laying the groundwork for a successful trade. Determine what time frame you’re trading on: Many traders get in the market without thinking when they would like to get out, after all the goal is to make money. This is true but when trading, one must extrapolate in his mind’s eye the movement that one expects to happen. Within this extrapolation, resides a price evolution during a certain period of time. Attached to this is the idea of exit price. The importance of this is to mentally put your trade in perspective and although it is clearly impossible to know exactly when you will exit the market, it is important to define from the outset if you’ll be ’scalping’ (trying to get a few points off the market) trading intra-day, or going longer term. This will also determine what chart period you’re looking at. If you trade many times a day, there’s no point basing your technical analysis on a daily graph, you’ll probably want to analyse 30 minute or hour graphs. Additionally it is important to know the different time periods when various financial centers enter and exit the market as this creates more or less volatility and liquidity and can influence market movements. Time your trade: You can be right about a potential market movement but be too early or too late when you enter the trade. Timing considerations are twofold, an expected market figure like CPI, retail sales or a federal reserve decision can consolidate a movement that’s already underway. Timing your move means knowing what’s expected and taking into account all considerations before trading. Technical analysis can help you identify when and at what price a move may occur. We will look at technical analysis in more detail later. If in doubt, stay out: If you’re unsure about a trade and find you’re hesitating, stay on the sidelines. Trade logical transaction sizes: Margin trading allows the fx trader a very large amount of leverage, trading at full margin capacity (in ACM’s case 1% or 0.5%) can make for some very large profits or losses on an account. Scaling your trades so that you may re-enter the market or make transactions on other currencies is generally wiser. In short, don’t trade amounts that can potentially wipe you out and don’t put all your eggs in one basket. ACM offers the same rates regardless of transaction sizes so a customer has nothing to lose by starting small. Gauge market sentiment: Market sentiment is what most of the market is perceived to be feeling about the market and therefore what it is doing or will do. This is basically about trend. You may have heard the term ’the trend is your friend’, this basically means that if you’re in the right direction with a strong trend you will make successful trades. This of course is very simplistic, a trend is capable of reversal at any time. Technical and fundamental data can indicate however if the trend has begun long ago and if it is strong or weak. Market expectation: Market expectation relates to what most people are expecting as far as upcoming news is concerned. If people are expecting an interest rate to rise and it does, then there usually will not be much of a movement because the information will already have been ’discounted’ by the market, alternatively if the adverse happens, markets will usually react violently. Use what other traders use: In a perfect world, every trader would be looking at a 14 day RSI and making trading decisions based on that. If that was the case, when RSI would go under the 30 level, everyone would buy and by consequence the price would rise. Needless to say, the world is not perfect and not all market participants follow the same technical indicators, draw the same trendlines and identify the same support & resistance levels. The great diversity of opinions and techniques used translates directly into price diversity. Traders however have a tendency to use a limited variety of technical tools. The most common are 9 and 14 day RSI, obvious trendlines and support levels, fibonnacci retracement, MACD and 9, 20 & 40 day exponential moving averages. The closer you get to what most traders are looking at, the more precise your estimations will be. The reason for this is simple arithmetic, larger numbers of buyers than sellers at a certain price will move the market up from that price and vice-versa.

Thoughts on Managing Money

We often hear from students by letter, telephone, and in person at seminars, that they greatly desire to trade managed money. At the opposite end of the spectrum, we also hear from students who want money managed for them. In either case, the experience can be gut wrenching. This chapter should serve as a warning and a caution to both. Since your author has at one time or another engaged in managing money for others, I base what I have to say here on my own experiences and, if it please the reader, this may be entitled "Confessions of a Trader." The psychological basis for successful trading is indeed a delicate subject. No one we have ever heard of has been able to pinpoint exactly what it is that gives one trader success while another trader fails. Although some claim to have done this, coming up with an attribute profile of the "average" winner, no one we know of has identified a set of common denominators among professional winning traders. Besides, which of us is "average?" Is it you? Winning in the markets seems to involve a fine balance of traits that differ among winning traders. To make the identification of winning traders even more complicated, there seems to be a distinction between those traders who can successfully trade their own money and those traders who can successfully trade the money of others. I have met both. Two of the most successful money managers I know personally began by trading managed money. They began trading other people’s money for lack of sufficient money of their own with which to trade. Later in their careers, when they did have sufficient money with which to trade their own account, they found that they failed miserably. They were not able to trade their own money with any degree of success. More than that, when they traded their own money simultaneously with trading managed money, they failed at both. Upon further investigation, and after speaking with a number of traders who have tried both, I discovered that there are many traders who are successful at trading managed money, but who can’t trade their way out of their hat when trying to trade their own money. Invariably, upon further probing, some admitted that they were much more daring and courageous with other people’s money than they were when the money was their own. Also in this group of those who trade better for others than themselves, I have been able to identify traders who said they were much more careful and conservative with the money of others than they were with money of their own. So within this group of traders, all of them students of ours who can successfully trade managed money, some are successful because they are more daring with other people’s money, and some are successful because they are more careful with money not their own. Next, we come to those traders who successfully manage their own money and who have attempted to manage money for others, but failed. I have heard from quite a few traders who attempted to manage money for others. In this group I include those who have failed miserably. I have spoken with a number of students who have had the experience of losing at least half of the money under their management prior to returning the balance to those who invested with them. Amazingly, the answers are the same as with the group who successfully manage money. Managed money seems to be a "monkey" on their backs. They find that they trade too carefully, too conservatively when the money is not their own. Worse than that, when things go wrong with a trade, they do not act rationally and with the same cool determination as with their own money. When they trade their own account, they do not think of it as money. When they trade someone else’s account, all they can think of is that it is money. And, because it is not their own, they try their hardest not to lose it. Unfortunately, experience shows that what they fear the most happens - they do lose the money. I have spoken with students who successfully manage their own money because they are more careful with their own than with the money of others. They, too, have failed with managed money, and have resigned themselves to trading only their own accounts. Among the students and acquaintances, I have identified at least four categories of traders who attempt to manage money. I’m sure there are other categories, but these are the ones I’ve found: 1. Those who successfully manage money for others but cannot manage their own account with any great degree of success because they are too careful with their own money, while they are more daring with the money of others. 2. Those who successfully manage money for others but cannot manage their own account with any great degree of success because they are too daring with their own money, while they are more careful with the money of others. 3. Those who successfully manage their own money but fail with managed money because they are too careful when managing money for others. 4. Those who successfully manage their own money but fail with managed money because they are too daring when managing money for others. Conclusions: Among these students I found none who successfully traded both managed accounts and their own accounts. The size of the population for this study was too small to come up with any meaningful statistics, but there are some warnings and cautions that can be concluded. To those of you who want to have your money managed, be aware that the individual success of any trader trading his/her own money is no guarantee that that person can successfully manage the money of others. It would seem to bear out the reality of placing managed money with a proven successful trader of managed money. To those of you who want to manage money for others, be aware that successfully trading your own account is no guarantee that you will be able to successfully trade the account of other persons. Failure in either of these situations is painful for all concerned! In fact, the pain can be so great as to prematurely end the trading hopes of either party. Be very careful, because in both of these situations the result can be great personal pain. The pain may be both physical and mental, and can cause you to abort your trading career. I feel it is my duty to caution you about getting involved with managed money, whether you try to manage the money of others, or whether you want someone else to manage yours. The costs can be horrendous. The responsibility of trading managed money can really wear you down. You may have to go for years without a vacation. You find yourself working late into the night, and working a significant portion of the weekends. All work and no play is not a good thing for your trading career. Interestingly, most of my students come to me relating that the reason they want to learn how to trade is so they can become independent and not have to work at a regular job. However, trading managed money is one of the most grueling jobs you can ever undertake. Fibonacci Forex Trading

Speculation vs investment

It is very important that the individual wanting to trade foreign exchange be aware of the very marked difference between speculation and investment. Forex trading is by nature a speculative occupation. Foreign exchange markets are amongst the most volatile markets in the world. When traded on a margined basis they effectively become the most volatile in the world. Day trading in foreign exchange can be extremely profitable and high-risk profile traders can generate huge percentage returns even overnight. Day trading is however a mentally and psychologically challenging activity and is by no means meant for everyone. Day trading is essentially speculation and day traders essentially only do that: day trading. Most people who trade foreign exchange are not professional day traders however.Often the contractors of foreign exchange brokerage services are professionals in some capacity or other. These people do not day trade but take the occasional position from time to time. This is also speculation and should not be confused with making an investment.The conclusion here is that the nature of foreign exchange trading not lend itself as much to investment as it does to speculation and hedging (hedging may be performed in forward instruments). It is possible in a sense to make an investment in foreign exchange over a long-term period but this necessitates a large account value and low leveraging.

Market dynamics

The breadth, depth, and liquidity of the market are truly impressive. It has been estimated that the world's most active exchange rates like EURUSD and USDJPY can change up to 18,000 times during a single day.Somewhere on the planet, financial centers are open for business, and banks and other institutions are trading the dollar and other currencies, every hour of the day and night, aside from possible minor gaps on weekends. In financial centers around the world, business hours overlap; as some centers close, others open and begin to trade.The foreign exchange market follows the sun around the earth. Each business day arrives first in the Asia-Pacific financial centers; first Wellington, New Zealand, then Sydney, Australia, followed by Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Singapore. A few hours later, while markets remain active in those Asian centers, trading begins in Bahrain and elsewhere in the Middle East. Later still, when it is late in the business day in Tokyo, markets in Europe open for business. Subsequently, when it is early afternoon in Europe, trading in New York and other U.S. centers starts. Finally, completing the circle, when it is middle or late afternoon in the United States, the next day has arrived in the Asia-Pacific area, the first markets there have opened, and the process begins again.The graph underneath displays not only the currency trading time cycle but also the average 'depth' of trading at different times during the day in the various business hours.1. Spot rateA spot transaction is a straightforward (or outright) exchange of one currency for another. The spot rate is the current market price or 'cash' rate. Spot transactions do not require immediate settlement, or payment 'on the spot'. By convention, the settlement date, or value date, is the second business day after the deal date on which the transaction is made by the two parties.2. Bid & askIn the foreign exchange market (and essentially in all markets) there is a buying and selling price. It is important to perceive these prices as a reflection of market condition.A market maker is expected to quote simultaneously for his customers both a price at which he is willing to buy (the bid) and a price at which he is willing to sell (the ask) standard amounts of any currency for which he is making a market.ACM quotes very competitive spreads to customers, to site an example if a trader is interested in a transaction in EURUSD then he can trade on a bid/ask of say 0.9150 / 0.9153. This means that ACM is willing to buy from him a pre-determined amount at 0.9150 or inversely to sell to him at 0.9153.Generally speaking the difference between the bid and ask rates reflect the level of liquidity in a certain instrument. On a normal trading day, the major currency pairs EURUSD, USDJPY, USDCHF and GBPUSD are traded by a multitude of market participant every few seconds. High liquidity means that there is always a seller for your buy and a buyer for your sell at actual prices.3. Base currency and counter currencyEvery foreign exchange transaction involves two currencies. It is important to keep straight which is the base currency and which is the counter currency. The counter currency is the numerator and the base currency is the denominator. When the counter currency increases, the base currency strengthens and becomes more expensive. When the counter currency decreases, the base currency weakens and becomes cheaper. In telephone trading communications, the base currency is always stated first. For example, a quotation for USDJPY means the US dollar is the base and the yen is the counter currency. In the case of GBPUSD (usually called 'cable') the British pound is the base and the US dollar is the counter currency.4. Quotes in terms of base currencyTraders always think in terms of how much it costs to buy or sell the base currency. When a quote of 0.9150 / 53 is given that means that a trader can buy EUR against USD at 0.9153. If he is buying EURUSD for 1'000'000 at that rate he would have USD 915'300 in exchange for his million Euro. Of course traders are not actually interested in exchanging large amounts of different currency, their main focus is to buy at a low rate and sell at higher one.5. Basis points or 'pips'For most currencies, bid and offer quotes are carried down to the fourth decimal place. That represents one-hundredth of one percent, or 1/10,000th of the counter currency unit, usually called a 'pip'. However, for a few currency units that are relatively small in absolute value, such as the Japanese yen, quotes may be carried down to two decimal places and a 'pip' is 1/100th of the terms currency unit. In foreign exchange, a 'pip' is the smallest amount by which a price may fluctuate in that market.6. Euro cross & cross ratesEuro cross rates are currency pairs that involve the Euro currency versus another currency. Examples of Euro crosses are EURJPY, EURCHF and GBPEUR. Currency pairs that involve neither the Euro nor the US dollar are called cross rates. Examples of cross rates are GBPJPY and CHFJPY. Of course hundreds of cross rates exist involving exotic currency pairs but they are often plagued by low liquidity. Ever since the Euro the number of liquid cross rates have decreased and have been replaced (to a certain extent) by Euro crosses.

Main forex markets

Foreign exchange is traded essentially in two distinctive ways. Over an organized exchange and 'over the counter'. Exchange traded foreign exchange represents a very small portion of the total foreign exchange market the great majority of foreign exchange deals being traded between banks and other market participants 'over the counter'.1. Exchange traded currenciesIn the case of an organized exchange like the Chicago Mercantile exchange (CME) in the US, standardized currency contract sizes that represent a certain monetary value are traded in the International money market (IMM). A central clearing house organizes matching of transactions between counter-parties. There are various disadvantages to trading currency futures as outlined in the chapter Advantages of trading FX.2. Forex marketIn comparison the over the counter market is traded around the world by a multitude of participants and price quality, reputation and trading conditions determine who a participant wishes to trade with. It is probably the most competitive market in the world and brokers like ACM must insure they live up to the highest standards of service and be compliant with market standards and practices if they want to acquire new customers and retain their existing ones. In 1998 a survey under the auspices of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), global turnover of reporting dealers was estimated at about USD 1.49 trillion per day. In comparison, currency futures turnover was estimated at USD 12 billion.Among the various financial centers around the world, the largest amount of foreign exchange trading takes place in the United Kingdom, even though that nation's currency, the British pound is less widely traded in the market than several others. As shown in the graph underneath, the United Kingdom accounts for about 32 percent of the global total; the United States ranks a distant second with about 18 percent, and Japan is third with 8 percent.

Market participants

In the last years, the foreign exchange market has expanded from one where banks would execute transactions between themselves to one in which many other kinds of financial institutions like brokers and market-makers participate including non-financial corporations, investment firms, pension funds and hedge funds.Its' focus has broadened from servicing importers and exporters to handling the vast amounts of overseas investment and other capital flows that currently take place. Lately foreign exchange day trading has become increasingly popular and various firms offer trading facilities to the small investor.Foreign exchange is an 'over the counter' (OTC) market, that means that there is no central exchange and clearing house where orders are matched. Geographic trading 'centers' exist around the world however and are: (in order of importance) London, New York, Tokyo, Singapore, Frankfurt, Geneva & Zurich, Paris and Hong Kong. Essentially foreign exchange deals are made between participants on the basis of trust and reputation to deliver on an agreement. In the case of banks trading with one another, they do so solely on that basis. In the retail market, customers demand a written legally accepted contract between themselves and their broker in exchange of a deposit of funds on which basis the customer may trade.Some market participants may be involved in the 'goods' market, conducting international transactions for the purchase or sale of merchandise. Some may be engaged in 'direct investment' in plant and equipment, or may be in the 'money market,' trading short-term debt instruments internationally. The various investors, hedgers, and speculators may be focused on any time period, from a few minutes to several years. But, whether official or private, and whether their motive be investing, hedging, speculating, arbitraging, paying for imports, or seeking to influence the rate, they are all part of the aggregate demand for and supply of the currencies involved, and they all play a role in determining the exchange rate at that moment.

Origins of foreign exchange

In order to gain a complete understanding of what foreign exchange market is, it is useful to examine the reasons that lead to its existence in the first place. Exhaustively detailing the historical events that shaped the foreign exchange market into what it is today is of no great importance to the fx trader and therefore we happily will omit lengthy explanations of historical events such as the Bretton Woods accord in favor of a more specific insight into the reasoning behind foreign exchange as a medium of exchange of goods and services.Originally our ancestors conducted trading of goods against other goods this system of bartering was of course quite inefficient and required lengthy negotiation and searching to be able to strike a deal. Eventually forms of metal like bronze, silver and gold came to be used in standardized sizes and later grades (purity) to facilitate the exchange of merchandise. The basis for these mediums of exchange was acceptance by the general public and practical variables like durability and storage. Eventually during the late middle ages, a variety of paper IOU started gaining popularity as an exchange medium.The obvious advantage of carrying around 'precious' paper versus carrying around bags of precious metal was slowly recognized through the ages. Eventually stable governments adopted paper currency and backed the value of the paper with gold reserves. This came to be known as the gold standard. The Bretton Woods accord in July 1944 fixed the dollar to 35 USD per ounce and other currencies to the dollar. In 1971, president Nixon suspended the convertibility to gold and let the US dollar 'float' against other currencies.Since then the foreign exchange market has developed into the largest market in the world with a total daily turnover of about 1.5 trillion USD. Traditionally an institutional (inter-bank) market, the popularity of online currency trading offered to the private individual is democratising foreign exchange and widening the retail market.

Advantages of trading forex

Although the forex market is by far the largest and most liquid in the world, day traders have up to now focused on seeking profits in mainly stock and futures markets. This is mainly due to the restrictive nature of bank-offered forex trading services.Advanced Currency Markets (ACM) offers both online and traditional phone forex trading services to the small investor with minimum account opening values starting at 5000 USD.There are many advantages to trading spot foreign exchange as opposed to trading stocks and futures. Below are listed those main advantages.1. Bid/Ask Spread ratesSpread rates have tightened dramatically in the last years. Most online forex brokers offer a spread of 5 pips on EURUSD which is the most widely traded and liquid currency pair. ACM offers a 3 pip spread on EURUSD. In stock trading, only liquid stocks offer tight spreads. Those spreads often represent on average between 0.04% and 0.06% of the value of the stock. In comparison ACM offers a 3 pip spread on all major currencies, this equates to approximately between 0.02% and 0.03% on the underlying dollar value.Exact percentages at current rates (May 2002)EURUSD 3 pips 0.03%GBPUSD 3 pips 0.03%USDJPY 3 pips 0.023%USDCHF 3 pips 0.018%In the futures market spreads can vary anywhere between 5 and 9 pips and can become even larger under illiquid market conditions (which tends to happen substantially more often in futures currencies).2. CommissionsACM offers foreign exchange trading commission free. This is in sharp contrast to (once again) what stock and futures brokers offer. A stock trade can cost anywhere between USD 5 and 30 per trade with online brokers and typically up to USD 150 with full service brokers. Futures brokers can charge commissions anywhere between USD 10 and 30 on a round turn basis.3. Margins requirementsACM offers a foreign exchange trading with a 1% margin. In layman's terms that means a trader can control a position of a value of USD 1'000'000 with a mere USD 10'000 in his account. By comparison, futures margins are not only constantly changing but are also often quite sizeable. Stocks are generally traded on a non-margined basis and when they are, it can be as restrictive as 50% or so.4. 24 hour marketForeign exchange market trading occurs over a 24 hour period picking up in Asia around 24:00 CET Sunday evening and coming to an end in the United States on Friday around 23:00 CET. Although ECNs (electronic communications networks) exist for stock markets and futures markets (like Globex) that supply after hours trading, liquidity is often low and prices offered can often be uncompetitive.5. No Limit up / limit downFutures markets contain certain constraints that limit the number and type of transactions a trader can make under certain price conditions. When the price of a certain currency rises or falls beyond a certain pre-determined daily level traders are restricted from initiating new positions and are limited only to liquidating existing positions if they so desire. This mechanism is meant to control daily price volatility but in effect since the futures currency market follows the spot market anyway, the following day the futures market may undergo what is called a 'gap' or in other words the futures price will re-adjust to the spot price the next day. In the OTC market no such trading constraints exist permitting the trader to truly implement his trading strategy to the fullest extent. Since a trader can protect his position from large unexpected price movements with stop-loss orders the high volatility in the spot market can be fully controlled.6. Sell before you buyEquity brokers offer very restrictive short-selling margin requirements to customers. This means that a customer does not possess the liquidity to be able to sell stock before he buys it. Margin wise, a trader has exactly the same capacity when initiating a selling or buying position in the spot market. In spot trading when you're selling one currency, you're necessarily buying another.

Forex Glossary

Accrual The apportionment of premiums and discounts on forward exchange transactions that relate directly to deposit swap (Interest Arbitrage) deals, over the period of each deal.Actualize The underlying assets or instruments which are traded in the cash market.Adjustable Peg An exchange rate system where a country's exchange rate is "pegged" (i.e. fixed) in relation to another currency. The official rate may be changed from time to time.Adjustment Official action normally by either change in the internal economic policies to correct a payment imbalance or in the official currency rate or.Agent Bank A bank acting for a foreign bank. In the Euro market - the agent bank is the one appointed by the other banks in the syndicate to handle the administration of the loan.Aggregate Demand Total demand for goods and services in the economy. It includes private and public sector demand for goods and services within the country and the demand of consumers and and firms in other countries for good and services.Aggregate Risk Total amount of exposure a bank has with a customer for both spot and forward contracts.Aggregate Supply Total supply of goods and services in the economy from domestic sources (including imports) available to meet aggregate demand.Agio Difference in the value between currencies. Also used to describe percentage charges for conversion from paper money into cash, or from a weak into a strong currency.Aggressor A trader dealing on an existing price in the market.Appreciation A currency is said to 'appreciate' when it strengthens in price in response to market demand. Describes a currency strengthening in response to market demand rather than by official action.Arbitrage Profiting from differences in the price of a single currency pair that is traded on more than one market.Arbitrage Channel The range of prices within which there will be no possibility to arbitrage between the cash and futures market.Around Used in quoting forward "premium/discount". "Five-five around" would mean five points on either side of the present spot value.Ask Price Sometimes called the Offer Price, this is the market price for traders to buy currencies. Ask Prices are shown on the right side of a quote - e.g. EUR/USD 1.1965 / 68 - means that one euro can be bought for 1.1968 US dollars.Asset An item having commercial or exchange value.Asset Location Dividing instrument funds among markets to achieve diversification or maximum return.At Best An instruction given to a dealer to buy or sell at the best rate that is currently available in the market.At or Better An order to deal at a specific rate or better.Authorized Dealer A financial institution or bank authorized to deal in foreign exchange.Average Rate Option A contract where the exercise price is based on the difference between the strike price and the average spot rate over the contract period. Sometimes called an "Asian option".Back Office The office location, or department, where the processing of financial transactions takes place.Balance of Trade The value of a country's exports minus its imports.Bank Notes Paper issued by the central bank, redeemable as money and considered to be full legal tender.Bank Rate The rate at which a central bank is prepared to lend money to its domestic banking system.Bar Chart A type of chart used in Technical Analysis. Each time division on the chart is displayed as a vertical bar which show the following information - the top of the bar is the high price, the bottom of the bar is the low price, the horizontal line on the left of the bar shows the opening price and the horizontal line on the right of bar shows the closing price.Base Currency In terms of foreign exchange trading, currencies are quoted in terms of a currency pair. The first currency in the pair is the base currency. The base currency is the currency against which exchange rates are generally quoted in a given country. Examples: USD/JPY, the US Dollar is the base currency; EUR/USD, the EURO is the base currency. Bear Market An extended period of general price decline in an individual security, an asset, or a market.Bid Price is the price a trader can sell currencies. The Bid Price is shown on the left side of a quote - e.g. EUR/USD 1.1923 / 68 - means that one euro can be sold for 1.1923 US dollars.Bid/Ask Spread is the difference between the bid price and the ask price in any currency quotation. The spread represents the broker's fee, and varies from broker to broker.Big Figure The first two or three digits of a foreign exchange price or rate. Examples: USD/JPY rate of 108.05/10 the big figure is 108. EUR/USD price of .8325/28 the big figure is .83Bretton Woods The site of the conference which in 1944 led to the establishment of the post war foreign exchange system that remained intact until the early 1970s. The conference resulted in the formation of the IMF. The system fixed currencies in a fixed exchange rate system with 1% fluctuations of the currency to gold or the dollar.Broker An agent, who executes orders to buy and sell currencies and related instruments either for a commission or on a spread. Brokers are agents working on commission and not principals or agents acting on their own account. In the foreign exchange market brokers tend to act as intermediaries between banks bringing buyers and sellers together for a commission paid by the initiator or by both parties. There are four or five major global brokers operating through subsidiaries affiliates and partners in many countries.Bull Market A market which is on a consistent upward trend.Bundesbank Central Bank of Germany.Buy On Margin The process of buying a currency pair where a client pays cash for part of the overall value of the position. The word margin refers to the portion the investor puts up rather than the portion that is borrowed.Buy Limit Order An order to execute a transaction at a specified price (the limit) or lower.Candlestick Chart A chart that displays the daily trading price range (open, high, low and close). A form of Japanese charting that has become popular in the West. A narrow line (shadow) shows the day's price range. A wider body marks the area between the open and the close. If the close is above the open, the body is white (not filled); if the close is below the open, the body is black (filled).Central Bank A bank, administered by a national government, which regulates the behavior of financial institutions within its borders and carries out monetary policy.Chartist A person who attempts to predict prices by analyzing past price movements as recorded on a chart.Closing a Position The process of selling or buying a foreign exchange position resulting in the liquidation (squaring up) of the position.Commission The fee that a broker may charge clients for dealing on their behalf.Cross Currency A currency pair that does not include US dollars - e.g. EUR/GBP.Currency Money issued by a government. Coins and paper money. It is a form of money used as a unit of exchange within a country.Currency Pair Two currencies involved in a Forex transaction - e.g. EUR/USD.Currency Risk The risk that shifts in foreign exchange rates may undermine the dollar or any other foreign currency value of overseas investments.Day Trade A trade opened and closed on the same trading day.Day Trading Refers to a style or type of trading where trade positions are opened and closed during the same day.Day Trader A trader who buys and sells on the basis of small short-term price movements.Dealer An individual or firm that buys and sells assets from their portfolio, acting as a principal or counterpart to a transaction.Depreciation A fall in the value of a currency due to market forces.Desk Term referring to a group dealing with a specific currency or currencies.Devalution The act by a government to reduce the external value of its currency.Direct Quotation Quoting in fixed units of foreign currency against variable amounts of the domestic currency.Discretionary Account An account in which the customer permits a trading institution to act on the customer's behalf in buying and selling currency pairs. The institution has discretion as to the choice of currency pairs, prices, and timing-subject to any limitations specified in the agreement.Economic Indicator A statistical report issued by governments or academic institutions indicating economic conditions within a country.Euro (EUR) The single currency of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) introduced in January 1999. This is the amalgamation of the following currencies, after Jan. 1, 2002 these currencies will be considered legacy currencies. Germany Deutsche Marks, Italy Lira, Austria Schillings, France Franc, Belgium Francs, Netherlands (Dutch) Guilders, Finland Markka, Portugal Escudo, Greece Drachmas, Ireland Punt, Luxembourg Francs, Spanish Pesetas.European Central Bank (ECU) The Central Bank for the new European Monetary Union.Execution The Process of completing an order or deal.First In First Out (FIFO) refers to the order open orders are liquidated. The first orders to be liquidated are the first that were opened.Foreign Exchange (Forex, FX) Simultaneously buying one currency and selling another.Fundamental Analysis Analysis of political and economic conditions that can affect currency prices.Leverage or Margin The ratio of the value of a transaction to the required deposit. A common margin for Forex trading is 100:1 - you can trade currency worth 100 times the amount of your deposit.Limit Order An order to buy or sell when the price reaches a specified level.Lot The size of a Forex transaction. Standard lots are worth about 100,000 US dollars.Major Currency The euro, German mark, Swiss franc, British pound, and the Japanese yen are the major currencies.Minor Currency The Canadian dollar, the Australian dollar, and the New Zealand dollar are the minor currencies.Offer (Ask) The rate at which a dealer is willing to sell a currency.Offsetting transaction A trade with which serves to cancel or offset some or all of the market risk of an open position.One Cancels the Other (OCO) Two orders placed simultaneously with instructions to cancel the second order on execution of the first. A designation for two orders whereby one part of the two orders is executed the other is automatically cancelled.Open Order An order that will be executed when a market moves to its designated price. Normally associated with Good 'til Cancelled Orders.Open Position An active trade that has not been closed. An active trade with corresponding unrealized Profit and Loss, which has not been offset by an equal and opposite deal.Order A customer's instructions to buy or sell currencies.Over the Counter (OTC) Used to describe any transaction that is not conducted over an exchange.Overnight Position Trader's long or short position in a currency at the end of a trading day.Pips or Points The smallest unit a currency can be traded in. The smallest unit of price for any foreign currency. Digits added to or subtracted from the fourth decimal place, i.e. 0.0001.Political Risk Exposure to changes in governmental policy which will have an adverse effect on an investor's position.Price The price at which the underlying currency can be bought or sold. Price Transparency The ability of all market participants to "see" or deal at the same price. Describes quotes to which every market participant has equal access.Principle Value The original amount invested by the client.Profit /Loss or "P/L" or Gain/Loss The actual "realized" gain or loss resulting fromtrading activities on Closed Positions, plus the theoretical "unrealized" gain or loss on Open Positions that have been Mark-to-Market.Quote Currency The second currency in a currency pair. In the currency pair USD/EUR the euro is the quote currency.Rally A recovery in price after a period of decline.Range The difference between the highest and lowest price of a future recorded during a given trading session.Rate Price at which a currency can be purchased or sold against another currency. The price of one currency in terms of another, typically used for dealing purposes.Resistance Price level at which technical analysts note persistent selling of a currency. A term used in technical analysis indicating a specific price level at which analysis concludes people will sell.Revaluation Daily calculation of potential profits or losses on open positions based on the difference between the settlement price of the previous trading day and the current trading day. An increase in the exchange rate for a currency as a result of central bank intervention. Opposite of "Devaluation".Risk (Forex Risk) The risk that the exchange rate on a foreign currency will move against the position held by an investor such that the value of the investment is reduced. Exposure to uncertain change, most often used with a negative connotation of adverse change.Risk Management The employment of financial analysis and use of trading techniques to reduce and/or control exposure to financial risk.Rollover (Roll-Over) The process of extending the settlement value date on an open position forward to the next valid value date.Settlement The process by which a trade is entered into the books and records of the counterparts to a transaction. The settlement of currency trades may or may not involve the actual physical exchange of one currency for another.Short Position An investment position that benefits from a decline in market price. When the base currency in the pair is sold, the position is said to be short.Spot Market Market where people buy and sell actual financial instruments (currencies) for two-day delivery.Spot Price The current market price of a currency that normally settles in 2 business days (1 day for Dollar/Canada). The current market price. Settlement of spot transactions usually occurs within two business days.Spread This point or pip difference between the bid and ask price of a currency pair.Square Purchase and sales are in balance and thus the dealer has no open position.Squawk Box A speaker connected to a phone often used in broker trading desks.Squeeze Action by a central bank to reduce supply in order to increase the price of money. The difference between the bid and offer prices.Stable Market An active market which can absorb large sale or purchases of currency without major moves.Standard A term referring to certain normal amounts and maturities for dealing.Sterilization Central Bank activity in the domestic money market to reduce the impact on money supply of its intervention activities in the FX market.Sterling (The Pound - GBP) Another term for the British currency, "The Pound".Stop An order to buy or to sell a currency when the currency's price reaches or passes a specified level.Stop Loss Order Order to buy or sell when a given price is reached or passed to liquidate part or all of an existing position. Order type whereby an open position is automatically liquidated at a specific price. Often used to minimize exposure to losses if the market moves against an investor's position. As an example, if an investor is long USD at 156.27, they might wish to put in a stop loss order for 155.49, which would limit losses should the dollar depreciate, possibly below 155.49.Support Levels A price at which a currency or the currency market will receive considerable buying pressure. A technique used in technical analysis that indicates a specific price ceiling and floor at which a given exchange rate will automatically correct itself. Opposite of "resistance".Swap A transaction which moves the maturity date of an open position to a future date. The simultaneous purchase and sale of the same amount of a given currency for two different dates, against the sale and purchase of another. A swap can be a swap against a forward. In essence, swapping is somewhat similar to borrowing one currency and lending another for the same period. However, any rate of return or cost of funds is expressed in the price differential between the two sides of the transaction.Swap Price A price as a differential between two dates of the swap.Swiss Market slang for Swiss Franc.Take Profit Order A customer's instructions to buy or sell a currency pair which, when executed, will result in the reduction in the size of the existing position and show a profit on said position.Technical Analysis Analysis of historical market data to predict future movements in the market.Technical Correction An adjustment to price not based on market sentiment but technical factors such as volume and charting.Thin Market A market in which trading volume is low and in which consequently bid and ask quotes are wide and the liquidity of the instrument traded is low.Thursday/Friday Dollars A US foreign exchange technicality. If a foreign bank buys dollars on Tuesday for Thursday delivery. If the bank leaves the funds overnight and transfers them on Friday by means of a clearing house cheque then clearance is not until Monday, the next working day. Higher interest rates for this period are thus available.Tick The smallest possible change in a price, either up or down.Today/Tomorrow Simultaneous buying of a currency for delivery the following day and selling for the spot day, or vice versa. Also referred to as overnight.Tomorrow Next (Tom Next) Simultaneous buying of a currency for delivery the following day and selling for the spot day or vice versa.Trade Date The date on which a trade occurs.Tradeable Amount Smallest transaction size acceptable.Transaction The buying or selling of currencies resulting from the execution of an order.Transaction Cost The cost of a Forex transaction - typically the spread between bid and ask prices.Transaction Date The date on which a trade occurs.Turnover The total volume of all executed transactions in a given time period.Two Tier Market A dual exchange rate system where normally only one rate is open to market pressure, e.g. South Africa.Two-Way Price A quote in the foreign exchange market that indicates a bid and an offer.Two-Way Quotation When a dealer quotes both buying and selling rates for foreign exchange transactions.Uncovered Open position.Under-Valuation An exchange rate is normally considered to be undervalued when it is below its purchasing power parity.Unrealized Gain/Loss The theoretical gain or loss on Open Positions valued at current market rates, as determined by the broker in its sole discretion. Unrealized Gains' Losses become Profits/Losses when position is closed.Uptick A new price quote at a price higher than the preceding quote. A transaction executed at a price greater than the previous transaction.Uptick Rule In the US, a regulation whereby a security may not be sold short unless the last trade prior to the short sale was at a price lower than the price at which the short sale is executed.US Prime Rate The interest rate at which US banks will lend to their prime corporate customers.US Treasury The United States Department of the Treasury is the government department responsible for issuing all Treasury bonds, notes, and bills.Value Data The maturity date of the currency for settlement, usually two business days (one day for Canada) after the trade has occurred.Value Date The date on which counterparts to a financial transaction agree to settle their respective obligations, i.e., exchanging payments. For spot currency transactions, the value date is normally two business days forward. Value Date is also known as "maturity" date. For a spot transaction it is two business banking days forward in the country of the bank providing quotations which determine the spot value date. The only exception to this general rule is the spot day in the quoting centre coinciding with a banking holiday in the country(ies) of the foreign currency(ies). The value date then moves forward a day.Value Spot Normally settlement for two working days from today. See value date.Variation Margin Funds, which are required to bring the equity in an account back up to the initial margin level, calculated on a day-to-day basis. Funds a broker must request from the client to have the required margin deposited. The term usually refers to additional funds that must be deposited as a result of unfavorable price movements.Volatility (VOL) Statistical measure of the change in price of a financial currency pair over a given time period. A statistical measure of a market's price movements over time. A measure of the amount by which an asset price is expected to fluctuate over a given period.Vostro Account A local currency account maintained with a bank by another bank. The term is normally applied to the counterparty's account from which funds may be paid into or withdrawn, as a result of a transaction.Wash Trade A matched deal which produces neither a gain nor a loss.Whipsaw Slang for a condition of a highly volatile market where a sharp price movement is quickly followed by a sharp reversal.Withholding Tax Income tax withheld from employees' wages and paid directly to the government by the employer.Working Day A day on which the banks in a currency's principal financial centre are open for business. For FX transactions, a working day only occurs if the bank in both financial centre's are open for business (all relevant currency centers in the case of a cross are open).Yard A slang word used in the currency industry meaning "billion".X A Nasdaq stock symbol specifying that it is a mutual fund.Z-Score A statistical measure that quantifies the distance (measured in standard deviations) a data point is from the mean of a data set. In a more financial sense, Z-score is the output from a credit-strength test that gauges the likelihood of bankruptcy.at 9:16 AM 1 comments FOREX Trading NewsForex Trading as commonly called stands for Foreign Exchange Trading. It is biggest financial trading market in the world having a daily turnover in excess of US$1 Trillion. The figure signifies a volume amounting to about 28 times the combined volume of all US equity trading markets.Forex Trading means buying of one foreign currency by paying in another. Each transaction involves a purchase and a sale of currency at the same time, since currency trading is always done in pairs for example USD/EUR or USD/GBP etc.Foreign Currency trading or Forex Trading is undertaken for two purposes. About 5-7% of the transactions are undertaken by institutions that do business in foreign lands or companies that have to convert their foreign currency earnings into domestic currency. The rest of the Forex Trading is done purely on speculative basis with profit objectives.For trading by speculation purposes, the best profit making opportunity lies in most traded currencies (obviously the currencies of most economically advanced countries) also called the "majors" in Forex Trading parlance. They consist of US Dollar, GB Pounds, Japanese Yen, European Unions EURO, Swiss Franc, Canadian Dollar, Australian Dollar etc